PKD in the cat - Polycystic Kidney Disease
What is PKD in the cat?
PKD is a kidney disease, where cavities are formed in the kidney that are filled with fluid (cysts). These cavities are already present from the birth of the cat, but are initially very small. As the animal grows older, these cavities will expand and displace kidney tissue, preventing the kidneys from functioning.
PKD in the cat; kidneys full of cysts.
Normally a kidney is nice and smooth on the outside.
What causes PKD?
PKD is a hereditary disease that is transmitted from parent to offspring. Only one sick parent animal is needed to transmit the disease.
In which varieties does PKD occur?
It is more common in certain breeds than in others, for example in the Press, the British short and long hair, Sacred Birman, Devon and Cornish Rex and some Eastern breeds.
The better breeders have their animals examined before they start breeding. This can be done by means of a DNA test and an echo of the kidneys can also be made. If an animal is genetically burdened with this disease, it should be excluded from breeding, even though the animal itself is not (yet) sick.
What are the symptoms of a cat with PKD?
Cats with PKD initially have no complaints. Often it is found by accident. Only when the cavities in the kidneys become so large that they start to displace the healthy kidney tissue, does the animal develop complaints of reduced kidney function. It is unknown how quickly the disease develops, usually the first symptoms start around the age of 7 years. Unfortunately, it also occurs in younger animals.
The disease is often only discovered at a later stage when the animal develops symptoms of impaired renal function: in the first instance, a lot of drinking and urination is seen, the animal starts to lose weight and vomits more often. Often the animals have a decreased appetite and they lose weight.
How is PKD diagnosed?
An examination can sometimes feel the enlarged kidneys and possibly a blood test can show poor kidney function. Examination of the abdomen with an ultrasound gives a clear picture of the disease.
PKD can be diagnosed before the first year of life by using. an echo of the kidneys. Ultrasound examination for pedigree examination should be done by specialist radiologists. A positive DNA test is also evidence of PKD.
Ultrasound of a kidney affected by PKD.
The large (black) cysts are clearly visible
What is the treatment of a cat with PKD?
The sick animal is initially supported with special feed and sometimes with medication. Unfortunately, it is an incurable disease that will eventually cause the animal to die.
Cats that are diagnosed early must be excluded from breeding and therefore must be sterilized / castrated.
Can I prevent PKD in my cat?
The only thing that can be done to combat this disease is to choose an animal with healthy parents. As stated, good breeders of sensitive breeds have their animals tested by means of a DNA test. Be well informed before purchasing your cat.